Shoulder Flexion & extension

Muscles involved

        Anterior deltoid, biceps and posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi

Protocols

Patients

        Contraction type

Concentric/concentric

Strength

60⁰/sec x 10 reps

Endurance

180⁰/sec x 25 reps

Athletes

        Contraction type

Concentric/eccentric

Strength

60⁰/sec working up in 60⁰/sec increments to maximal achievable speed x 5 reps

Endurance

240⁰/sec x maximal number of repetitions

Research

        Contraction type

Concentric/concentric followed by eccentric/eccentric

Strength

Random speeds in increments of 60⁰/sec x 2-5 reps

Endurance

300⁰/sec for maximal repetitions

Rest between speeds

                        < 4 minutes

Rest between tests

                        < 5 minutes

Rest between sides

                        < 5 minutes

Notes

        Test the uninvolved or dominant limb first.  Flexion beyond 90⁰ produces high variability in results.