Elbow Pronation and Supination

Muscles involved

        Pronators and supinator

Protocols

Patients

        Contraction type

Concentric/concentric

Strength

15⁰/sec x 10 reps

Endurance

60⁰/sec x 25 reps

Athletes

        Contraction type

Concentric/eccentric

Strength

30⁰/sec working up in 30⁰/sec increments to maximal achievable speed x 5 reps

Endurance

90⁰/sec x maximal number of repetitions

Research

        Contraction type

Concentric/concentric followed by eccentric/eccentric

Strength

Random speeds in increments of 15⁰/sec x 2-5 reps

Endurance

120⁰/sec for maximal repetitions

Rest between speeds

                        < 2 minutes

Rest between tests

                        < 5 minutes

Rest between sides

                        < 5 minutes

Notes

        Test the uninvolved or dominant limb first. A very difficult movement to localize, care must be taken when analyzing the results as this is an under researched area.