Flexion / Extension

30 March 2011 Last Updated on 22 February 2012 Paul Spencer-Wimpenny

Overview:

Until the late 1970s 75% of all isokinetic use and research was based on a single joint system - the knee. With more recent progress in rehabilitation and knee surgery this trend no longer exists. The basic design of isokinetic dynamometers (except for special purpose units) has not changed since the original instrumentation became available in the 1960s. The design is still better suited for knee testing and rehabilitation than any other joint (Dvir 1995). Although the knee has 2 major articulations the relevant one in this section is the tibio-femoral component.

Testing and exercise are generally performed in the sitting position although absolute hamstring testing is best performed in the prone lying position as this allows a greater range of motion and functional testing is best performed in the standing position. However, flexion and extension can be performed in either the Seated (most popular), Prone lying, Supine lying or standing positions.

Flexion / Extension

30 March 2011 Last Updated on 22 February 2012 Paul Spencer-Wimpenny

Overview:

Until the late 1970s 75% of all isokinetic use and research was based on a single joint system - the knee. With more recent progress in rehabilitation and knee surgery this trend no longer exists. The basic design of isokinetic dynamometers (except for special purpose units) has not changed since the original instrumentation became available in the 1960s. The design is still better suited for knee testing and rehabilitation than any other joint (Dvir 1995). Although the knee has 2 major articulations the relevant one in this section is the tibio-femoral component.

Testing and exercise are generally performed in the sitting position although absolute hamstring testing is best performed in the prone lying position as this allows a greater range of motion and functional testing is best performed in the standing position. However, flexion and extension can be performed in either the Seated (most popular), Prone lying, Supine lying or standing positions.

Internal / External Rotation

29 March 2011 Last Updated on 30 March 2011 Paul Spencer-Wimpenny

Overview:

Internal external rotation of the knee is often said to be important in the knee. The popliteus and hamstrings muscles play a significant role in rotating the knee (internally) to aid unlocking of the knee joint from full extension and locking the knee into extension.

It should be noted that this position stretches the ligaments at t the rear of the knee and can impinge the meniscus (cartilages) in the posterior horns. This could be preferable in some patient populations but in most cases could lead to injury. Care should be exercised if using this test.

Knee

Flexion / Extension

Flexion / Extension

Internal / External Rotation

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Knee

Flexion / Extension

Flexion / Extension

Internal / External Rotation

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