Overview:

These movements can be performed in either the lying, or standing positions.  

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Overview:

Although the position is referred to abduction and adduction because of the soft tissue opposition (one leg hits the other) the motion of adduction is normally described from abduction back to neutral (in lying) or slightly beyond (in standing).

These movements can be performed in either the lying (side or supine, or standing positions.  

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Overview:

Internal and external rotation of the hip has not bee extensively studied. The only really good piece of work (peer review) is by Lindsay et al. (1992). They compared 3 distinct positions, seated, supine with knee flexed and supine with knee extended. Seated tends to give the best strength scores.

These movements can be performed in either the lying (supine), or seated (modified) positions.  

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