Norm from CSMI
Voted the best isokinetics system by isokinetics.net users!!!

The BEST just keeps getting better! the HUMAC NORM is the number one solution for measuring and improving performance in the clinic, training room, and research laboratory.

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360 from CSMI
The latest inervation in human performance measurement.

The HUMAC360 is a small box that offers big results. Measuring 4” x 4” x 4” and weighing just 4 pounds, the HUMAC360 attaches to any patient or exercise equipment in seconds, using a 16’ retractable nylon belt. When the belt is pulled the HUMAC Software reports velocity, distance, and if a weight is recorded, power. These functional parameters are displayed on the screen for proper pacing and distance and in reports for evidence based rehabilitation. It could not be easier.

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Testing

Inversion / Eversion

25 March 2011 Last Updated on 30 March 2011 Paul Spencer-Wimpenny

Overview:

Inversion and Eversion are normally performed in the supine or modified supine (seated) positions.

Plantarflexion / Dorsiflexion

24 March 2011 Last Updated on 30 March 2011 Paul Spencer-Wimpenny

Overview:

Plantar and dorsi flexion are normally performed in either the supine (or modified supine / seated), prone or standing positions.

Flexion / Extension

30 March 2011 Last Updated on 30 March 2011 Paul Spencer-Wimpenny

Overview:

These movements can be performed in either the standing, seated or lying (most popular position). Most movements around the elbow in everyday life, and in fact sport, occur with the hand free in space (open chain). The position of the elbow joint moves in space in relation to the shoulder which makes the two joints co-dependant. The action of flexion of the elbow also calls into play the wrist as stabilisation is required for the flexor muscles to function correctly.

Pronation / Supination

29 March 2011 Last Updated on 30 March 2011 Paul Spencer-Wimpenny

Overview:

There are currently no standard examination positions for pronation and supination. During these movements the shoulder is difficult to fully stabilize without using 90 degrees of shoulder abduction and even then the subject can move the shoulder somewhat the elbow is usually flexed to 90 degrees during these tests (as described by Gallager et al 1997).

If isolated from the wrist and elbow the forearm has one degree of freedom. This is longitudinal through the two bones controlled by the superior and inferior raio/ulna joints. This motion allows radius to rotate moving the attached hand into the palm down (pronation) and palm up (supination positions.

These movements can be performed in either the lying, seated (most popular position), or standing positions. Most movements around the forearm in everyday life, and in fact sport, occur with the hand free in space (open chain) and with the elbow bent.

Supination of the forearm has been extensively studied in patient populations with biceps tendon problems. Supination is often investigated at the same time as elbow flexion the two are co-dependant.

Pronation / Supination

30 March 2011 Last Updated on 30 March 2011 Paul Spencer-Wimpenny

Overview:

There are currently no standard examination positions for pronation and supination. During these movements the shooulder is difficult to fully stabilize without using 90 degrees of shooulder abduction and even then the subject can move the shooulder somewhat the elbow is usually flexed to 90 degrees during these tests (as described by Gallager et al 1997).

If isolated from the wrist and elbow the forearm has one degree of freedom. This is longitudinal through the two bones controlled by the superior and inferior raio/ulna joints. This motion allows radius to rotate moving the attached hand into the palm down (pronation) and palm up (supination positions.

These movements can be performed in either the lying, seated (most popular position), or standing positions. Most movements around the forearm in everyday life, and in fact sport, occur with the hand free in space (open chain) and with the elbow bent.

Supination of the forearm has been extensively studied in patient populations with biceps tendon problems. Supination is often investigated at the same time as elbow flexion the two are co-dependant.

Abduction / Adduction

29 March 2011 Last Updated on 30 March 2011 Paul Spencer-Wimpenny

Overview:

Although the position is referred to abduction and adduction because of the soft tissue opposition (one leg hits the other) the motion of adduction is normally described from abduction back to neutral (in lying) or slightly beyond (in standing).

These movements can be performed in either the lying (side or supine, or standing positions.

Flexion / Extension

30 March 2011 Last Updated on 30 March 2011 Paul Spencer-Wimpenny

Overview:

These movements can be performed in either the lying, or standing positions.

Internal / External Rotation

28 March 2011 Last Updated on 30 March 2011 Paul Spencer-Wimpenny

Overview:

Internal and external rotation of the hip has not bee extensively studied. The only really good piece of work (peer review) is by Lindsay et al. (1992). They compared 3 distinct positions, seated, supine with knee flexed and supine with knee extended. Seated tends to give the best strength scores.

These movements can be performed in either the lying (supine), or seated (modified) positions.

Flexion / Extension

30 March 2011 Last Updated on 22 February 2012 Paul Spencer-Wimpenny

Overview:

Until the late 1970s 75% of all isokinetic use and research was based on a single joint system - the knee. With more recent progress in rehabilitation and knee surgery this trend no longer exists. The basic design of isokinetic dynamometers (except for special purpose units) has not changed since the original instrumentation became available in the 1960s. The design is still better suited for knee testing and rehabilitation than any other joint (Dvir 1995). Although the knee has 2 major articulations the relevant one in this section is the tibio-femoral component.

Testing and exercise are generally performed in the sitting position although absolute hamstring testing is best performed in the prone lying position as this allows a greater range of motion and functional testing is best performed in the standing position. However, flexion and extension can be performed in either the Seated (most popular), Prone lying, Supine lying or standing positions.

Flexion / Extension

30 March 2011 Last Updated on 22 February 2012 Paul Spencer-Wimpenny

Overview:

Until the late 1970s 75% of all isokinetic use and research was based on a single joint system - the knee. With more recent progress in rehabilitation and knee surgery this trend no longer exists. The basic design of isokinetic dynamometers (except for special purpose units) has not changed since the original instrumentation became available in the 1960s. The design is still better suited for knee testing and rehabilitation than any other joint (Dvir 1995). Although the knee has 2 major articulations the relevant one in this section is the tibio-femoral component.

Testing and exercise are generally performed in the sitting position although absolute hamstring testing is best performed in the prone lying position as this allows a greater range of motion and functional testing is best performed in the standing position. However, flexion and extension can be performed in either the Seated (most popular), Prone lying, Supine lying or standing positions.

Internal / External Rotation

29 March 2011 Last Updated on 30 March 2011 Paul Spencer-Wimpenny

Overview:

Internal external rotation of the knee is often said to be important in the knee. The popliteus and hamstrings muscles play a significant role in rotating the knee (internally) to aid unlocking of the knee joint from full extension and locking the knee into extension.

It should be noted that this position stretches the ligaments at t the rear of the knee and can impinge the meniscus (cartilages) in the posterior horns. This could be preferable in some patient populations but in most cases could lead to injury. Care should be exercised if using this test.

Abduction / Adduction

28 March 2011 Last Updated on 30 March 2011 Paul Spencer-Wimpenny

Overview:

These movements can be performed in either the standing or seated positions.

Diagonals

27 March 2011 Last Updated on 30 March 2011 Paul Spencer-Wimpenny

Overview:

There are two main diagonal patterns available on isokinetic machines. They mimic the proprioceptive neuromuscular patterns (PNF). The two movements are:

PNF 1: Extension / abduction / external rotation to flexion / adduction / internal rotation

PNF 2: Flexion / abduction / external rotation to extension / adduction / internal rotation

These movements can be performed in either the lying or seated positions.

Flexion / Extension

29 March 2011 Last Updated on 30 March 2011 Paul Spencer-Wimpenny

Overview:

There are currently no standard examination positions for flexion and extension of the shoulder. During the movements of the gleno-humeral joint there are always relative movements within the scapulo-thoracic junction. These are usually described as fitting a set of established normal patterns. These must be considered when testing the shoulder. When testing or exercising the shoulder it is vital that the subject has sufficient warm up before performing any movements.

These movements can be performed in either the lying, standing or seated positions.

Horizontal Abduction / Adduction

26 March 2011 Last Updated on 30 March 2011 Paul Spencer-Wimpenny

Overview:

These movements can be performed in either the lying or seated positions.

Rotation

30 March 2011 Last Updated on 30 March 2011 Paul Spencer-Wimpenny

Overview:

In recent years the most popular isokinetic test in the shoulder has been internal/ externalrotation (with modified seated in the scapular plane being the most popular). The main reason this test has become so popular is the open chain nature of shoulder motions. Most movements around the shoulder in everyday life, and in fact sport, occur with the hand free in space (open chain). The position of the shoulder joint (humeral head in the glenoid fossa) is actually controlled by a small group of muscles know collectively as the rotator cuff. This group is referred to as a cuff as they make up a significant portion of the front of the shoulder joint capsule (anterior joint capsule or sulcus).

Flexion / Extension

30 March 2011 Last Updated on 30 March 2011 Paul Spencer-Wimpenny

Overview:

Wrist movements do not originate from a single joint. The radius articulates with three of the carple bones (known collectively as the rdiocarple joint) which in turn articulate with each other and the next row of bones (known as the intercarple joints). This allows for flexion and extension (as well as radial and ulna deviation and the combination of all four motions circumduction).

These movements can be performed in either the standing, or seated (most popular) position. Most movements around the wrist in everyday life, and in fact sport, occur with the hand free in space (open chain). The position of the wrist joint moves in space in relation to the elbow which makes the two joints co-dependant. The action of flexion of the elbow also calls into play the wrist as stabilisation is required for the flexor muscles to function correctly.

Pronation / Supination

28 March 2011 Last Updated on 30 March 2011 Paul Spencer-Wimpenny

Overview:

There are currently no standard examination positions for pronation and supination. During these movements the shooulder is difficult to fully stabilize without using 90 degrees of shooulder abduction and even then the subject can move the shooulder somewhat the elbow is usually flexed to 90 degrees during these tests (as described by Gallager et al 1997).

If isolated from the wrist and elbow the forearm has one degree of freedom. This is longitudinal through the two bones controlled by the superior and inferior raio/ulna joints. This motion allows radius to rotate moving the attached hand into the palm down (pronation) and palm up (supination positions.

These movements can be performed in either the lying, seated (most popular position), or standing positions. Most movements around the forearm in everyday life, and in fact sport, occur with the hand free in space (open chain) and with the elbow bent.

Supination of the forearm has been extensively studied in patient populations with biceps tendon problems. Supination is often investigated at the same time as elbow flexion the two are co-dependant.

Radial / Ulna Deviation

29 March 2011 Last Updated on 30 March 2011 Paul Spencer-Wimpenny

Overview:

Wrist movements do not originate from a single joint. The radius articulates with three of the carple bones (known collectively as the rdiocarple joint) which in turn articulate with each other and the next row of bones (known as the intercarple joints). This allows for radial and ulna deviation (as well as flexion / extension and the combination of all four motions circumduction).

These movements are normally performed in the seated position. Most movements around the wrist in everyday life, and in fact sport, occur with the hand free in space (open chain). The position of the wrist joint moves in space in relation to the elbow which makes the two joints co-dependant.

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