Figures for male athletes.
|
Muscle Group |
Mode |
Angular Velocity |
Mean Peak Moments Nm (SD) |
|
Extensors |
Concentric |
60 |
260 (59) |
|
Concentric |
120 |
219 (40) |
|
|
Concentric |
300 |
146 (27) |
|
|
Concentric |
450 |
113 (20) |
|
|
Eccentric |
60 |
257 (36) |
|
|
Eccentric |
120 |
260 (38) |
|
|
Flexors |
Concentric |
60 |
142 (28) |
|
Concentric |
120 |
126 (24) |
|
|
Concentric |
300 |
88 (20) |
|
|
Concentric |
450 |
92 (27) |
|
|
Eccentric |
60 |
166 (40) |
|
|
Eccentric |
120 |
168 (39) |
Based on Ghena et al (1991).
Normalised strength at 500/second expressed as peak torque to body weight
|
Concentric |
Eccentric |
|||||
|
Peak Moment |
Extensors |
Flexors |
Extensors |
Flexors |
||
|
Women |
||||||
|
15-24 years |
2.19 |
0.87 |
2.37 |
1.06 |
||
|
25-34 years |
1.98 |
0.85 |
2.36 |
1.11 |
||
|
Pooled |
2.12 |
0.85 |
2.36 |
1.06 |
||
|
Men |
||||||
|
15-24 years |
2.98 |
1.21 |
3.09 |
1.44 |
||
|
25-34 years |
2.49 |
1.08 |
2.67 |
1.37 |
||
|
Pooled |
2.76 |
1.16 |
2.88 |
1.4 |
||
|
Average moment |
||||||
|
Women |
||||||
|
15-24 years |
1.26 |
0.59 |
1.31 |
0.7 |
||
|
25-34 years |
1.22 |
0.58 |
1.38 |
0.7 |
||
|
Pooled |
1.25 |
0.58 |
1.34 |
0.7 |
||
|
Men |
||||||
|
15-24 years |
1.78 |
0.85 |
1.87 |
1.01 |
||
|
25-34 years |
1.48 |
0.73 |
1.71 |
0.95 |
||
|
Pooled |
1.66 |
0.8 |
1.81 |
1 |
||
Based on Highgenboten et al (1988)
Normative peak values expressed in Nm
|
120/second |
900/second |
1500/second |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Right |
Left |
Right |
Left |
Right |
Left |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Age |
Extension |
Flexion |
Extension |
Flexion |
Extension |
Flexion |
Extension |
Flexion |
Extension |
Flexion |
Extension |
Flexion |
||||||||||
|
Women |
20 |
183 (34) |
100 (20) |
172 (31) |
95 (20) |
143 (25) |
68 (21) |
137 (24) |
66 (17 |
110 (18) |
49 (19) |
106 (19) |
46 (16) |
|||||||||
|
30 |
169 (34) |
90 (18) |
163 (30) |
88 (18) |
138 (22) |
61 (15) |
134 (20) |
58 (13 |
108 (19) |
46 (14) |
107 (15) |
42 (12) |
||||||||||
|
40 |
172 (28) |
93 (20) |
161 (26) |
91 (18) |
134 (20) |
62 (14) |
131 (20) |
61 (13 |
105 (15) |
46 (14) |
102 (14) |
46 (13) |
||||||||||
|
50 |
153 (30) |
76 (24) |
143 (26) |
75 (20) |
122 (18) |
52 (13) |
114 (17) |
51 (13 |
94 (16) |
36 (13) |
92 (14) |
38 (11) |
||||||||||
|
60 |
145 (20) |
77 (14) |
125 (24) |
74 (17) |
113 (13) |
53 (12) |
99 (15) |
47 (13 |
84 (10) |
38 (11) |
79 (12) |
35 (12) |
||||||||||
|
|
70 |
128 (28) |
65 (12) |
120 (25) |
59 (13) |
98 (17) |
39 (13) |
93 (15) |
38 (13 |
74 (12) |
28 (8) |
70 (11) |
25 (9) |
|||||||||
|
Men |
20 |
289 (44) |
155 (28) |
269 (47) |
144 (27) |
231 (32) |
122 (21) |
217 (27) |
113 (21 |
180 (24) |
96 (19) |
179 (22) |
91 (19) |
|||||||||
|
30 |
258 (45) |
150 (28) |
243 (47) |
143 (35) |
207 (38) |
113 (23) |
196 (35) |
108 (29 |
158 (34) |
91 (26) |
160 (28) |
87 (25) |
||||||||||
|
40 |
248 (29) |
149 (22) |
238 (42) |
144 (24) |
203 (27) |
112 (18) |
197 (31) |
106 (21 |
158 (24) |
87 (16) |
155 (26) |
83 (15) |
||||||||||
|
50 |
226 (51) |
142 (32) |
220 (45) |
129 (30) |
186 (26) |
98 (24) |
177 (32) |
91 (25 |
145 (27) |
82 (23) |
143 (30) |
76 (25) |
||||||||||
|
60 |
223 (48) |
130 (38) |
212 (40) |
133 (34) |
179 (34) |
95 (29) |
169 (32) |
86 (30 |
142 (28) |
78 (24) |
136 (22) |
75 (25) |
||||||||||
|
70 |
188 (36) |
109 (30) |
183 (37) |
109 (32) |
143 (24) |
78 (26) |
145 (30) |
77 (23) |
113 (22) |
61 (23) |
113 (21) |
60 (26) |
||||||||||
From Borges (1989)
Single repetition peak torque to body weight (foot pounds to weight in pounds) ratios for elite junior tennis players.
|
Left |
Right |
|||||
|
Male |
Female |
Male |
Female |
|||
|
Knee extension |
||||||
|
Torque/BW 180 |
60.2 |
60.5 |
||||
|
Torque/BW 300 |
53.8 |
44.4 |
54 |
47.4 |
||
|
Work/BW 180 |
61.4 |
62.1 |
||||
|
Work/BW 300 |
54.1 |
43.3 |
52.8 |
42.6 |
||
|
Knee flexion |
||||||
|
Torque/BW 180 |
36.6 |
36 |
||||
|
Torque/BW 300 |
33.7 |
30.7 |
32.6 |
31.3 |
||
|
Work/BW 180 |
35.2 |
35.2 |
26.5 |
|||
|
Work/BW 300 |
29.5 |
27.2 |
29.5 |
|||
Adapted from Chan an Maffulli (1996). All speeds 0/second.
Hamstring / quadriceps ratios for male and female junior tennis players.
|
Left |
Right |
|
|
Male |
||
|
H/Q 180 |
61% |
59% |
|
H/Q 300 |
63% |
62% |
|
Female |
||
|
H/Q 300 |
69% |
66% |
Adapted from Chan and Muffulli (1996) All speeds 0/second.
Hamstring / quadriceps peak torque ratio (dominant side)
|
600/second |
1800/second |
|
|
Control |
58% |
45% |
|
Badminton |
48% |
52% |
|
Cycling |
45% |
38% |
|
Soccer |
63% |
52% |
Adapted from Chan and Maffulli (1996)
